Prevention of renal dysfunction by nutraceuticals prepared from oil rich plant foods

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effect of extracts prepared from avocado, walnut, flaxseed and Eruca sativa seeds in a rat model of kidney dysfunction induced by intraperitoneal cisplatin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts mixture was prepared from each plant. Six groups of rats were conducted; control healthy, cisplatin group and four test groups where rats were given daily oral dose of each extract mixture before cisplatin injection. Different biochemical and cytogenetic parameters and kidney histopathology were determined. Acute toxicity was tested for the nutraceuticals. Total phenolic contents, fatty acids (FA) and unsaponifiable matter were assessed in the extracts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Walnut ethanol extract showed the highest content of total phenolic. FA analysis revealed that all the studied plants were rich in unsaturated FA. Gas-liquid chromatographic investigation of the unsaponifiable matter showed the presence of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in all the studied plants. Cisplatin treatment induced significant increase in plasma urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde along with significant reduction of plasma albumin, total protein, catalase and total antioxidant as well as reduction in creatinine clearance. Histopathological examination proved the induction of kidney dysfunction. Some sorts of chromosomal aberration and sperm-shape abnormalities were noticed after cisplatin treatment. Administration of extracts mixtures produced improvements in biochemical, histopathological and cytogenetic parameters.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Administration of the studied nutraceuticals proved to possess protective role against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, chromosomal aberration and abnormal sperms. All studied nutraceuticals showed complete safety.</p>

Prevention of renal dysfunction by nutraceuticals prepared from oil rich plant foods

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of extracts prepared from avocado, walnut, flaxseed and Eruca sativa seeds in a rat model of kidney dysfunction induced by intraperitoneal cisplatin. Methods: Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts mixture was prepared from each plant. Six groups of rats were conducted; control healthy, cisplatin group and four test groups where rats were given daily oral dose of each extract mixture before cisplatin injection. Different biochemical and cytogenetic parameters and kidney histopathology were determined. Acute toxicity was tested for the nutraceuticals. Total phenolic contents, fatty acids (FA) and unsaponifiable matter were assessed in the extracts. Results: Walnut ethanol extract showed the highest content of total phenolic. FA analysis revealed that all the studied plants were rich in unsaturated FA. Gas-liquid chromatographic investigation of the unsaponifiable matter showed the presence of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in all the studied plants. Cisplatin treatment induced significant increase in plasma urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde along with significant reduction of plasma albumin, total protein, catalase and total antioxidant as well as reduction in creatinine clearance. Histopathological examination proved the induction of kidney dysfunction. Some sorts of chromosomal aberration and sperm-shape abnormalities were noticed after cisplatin treatment. Administration of extracts mixtures produced improvements in biochemical, histopathological and cytogenetic parameters. Conclusions: Administration of the studied nutraceuticals proved to possess protective role against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, chromosomal aberration and abnormal sperms. All studied nutraceuticals showed complete safety.

Chemical, biological and organoleptic evaluation of newly formulated therapeutic diets for protein calorie malnutrition

Three supplementary food mixtures high in protein and calories were prepared using different percentage of locally produced cereals and legumes in addition to 10% skimmed milk powder in each formula to be used as therapeutic diets for infants suffering from protein energy malnutrition. These prepared mixtures were undergone chemical, biological and organoleptic evaluation. The data obtained revealed that 100g of each mixture provided 38, 28 and 20 g. protein and 382, 366 and 364 calories in formulae I, II and III respectively. The biological evaluation was carried out in comparison to three locally available food mixtures [Creacon, Gerber and Riri] comparable in protein percentage and casein containing diet as a control group using experimental rats. The data obtained showed that body weight gain increased significantly only in case of rats fed creacon and formula II. The food and protein efficiency ratios for formulae I and II were higher compared to the control which was significant for formula II. Organoleptic evaluation revealed that formula I scored as very good, then comes formula II then at last formula II which were both scored as good

Impact of intake of plant foods iron on the recovery from iron deficiency in rats

In the present research, two iron concentrates prepared from fruit and vegetable juices in addition to other plant foods products expected to be rich in iron and nutrients that enhance iron absorption have been chemically and biologically evaluated, Iron and Zn and other mineral and phytochemicals that have been claimed to reduce iron absorption [Ca, polyphenols and lannins] and micronutrients that reported to enhance iron absorption [Vitamin C, toccopherols and carotenoids] have been determined. The efficiency and safety of iron concentrates were evaluated in iron deficiency model of rats. The iron concentrates have been shown to contain variable levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, polyphenols. tannins, vitamin C, toccopherols and carotenoids. The sum of promoters and inhibitors in mixture 1 was higher than that in mixture 2. The two iron concentrates showed improvements of iron status, however mixture 2 [3.5 strawberry: 3.5 pomegranate: 1 blackstrap: 0.5 carrot: 0.5 pumpkin: 1 orange in, addition to 10% lettuce juice] was more efficient than mixture l [4.7 .strawberry 2.7 beetroot: L3carrot: 1.7 guava in addition of 1.3%wheat germ oil and 3.3%lettuce juice]. Iron deficiency anemia induced oxidative stress which was reduced on supplementation of the iron concentrates. Both iron concentrates .showed safety concerning liver and kidney functions

Evaluation of different dietary mixtures in rats with liver cirrhosis

The effect of feeding four different dietary mixtures on liver function, antioxidant state, plasma lipids, plasma amino acids, body weight, food intake and food efficiency ratio was studied in rats with liver cirrhosis. The different dietary mixtures contain different protein levels with high Fischer ratio. Antioxidants' sources from fruits, legumes and cereals were added to the mixtures. The different dietary mixtures contain medium chain triglycerides' oil and corn oil with different ratios. Branched chain amino acids were added to two dietary mixtures. Honey was used as sweetener and antioxidant. An extra balanced diet of 10% protein supplemented from casein was evaluated. Different groups of rats in which liver cirrhosis was induced were fed the different aforementioned diets for 10 weeks. A control group of normal healthy rats was fed balanced diet. The results showed that feeding some of the previously mentioned dietary mixtures showed improvement of the measured parameters, while others did not produce any improvements

Acute and chronic diarrhea in children: dietary management and its impact on nutritional status

The study aimed to assess the nutritional status of children with chronic and acute diarrhea through both anthropometric and biochemical parameters. It also aimed to investigate whether the body weight and different biochemical parameters may be modified by dietary rehabilitation with either a diet containing skimmed milk [modest amount] and fortified with zinc and vitamin A [diet I] or lactose restricted diet containing chicken meat [diet II]. Both diets contained anti-diarrheal edible plants, in addition to cereals and legumes using honey as a sweetener. The parameters that are determinant of the disease severity including stool frequency and consistency, duration of diarrhea and appetite improvement were also assessed. Dietary rehabilitation of both diets proved to be efficient [with different degrees] in the management of acute and chronic diarrhea and restoration of different biochemical parameters towards normal levels